Historical Development of Continental Philosophy’s Existentialism

Historical development of Continental philosophy’s existentialism and phenomenology as a response to Hegelian idealism Absolute Idealism left distinct marks on many facets of Western culture. True, science was indifferent to it, and common sense was perhaps stupefied by it, but the greatest political movement of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries— Marxism—was to a significant degree an outgrowth of Absolute Idealism. (Bertrand Russell remarked someplace that Marx was nothing more than Hegel mixed with British economic theory. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature, theology, and even art felt an influence. The Romantic composers of the nineteenth century, for example, with their fondness for expanded form, vast orchestras, complex scores and soaring melodies, searched for the all-encompassing musical statement. In doing so, they mirrored the efforts of the metaphysicians; whose vast and imposing systems were sources of inspiration to many artists and co mposers. As we have said, much of what happened in philosophy after Hegel was in response to Hegel.This response took different forms in English-speaking countries and on the European continent—so different that philosophy in the twentieth century was split into two traditions or, as we might say nowadays, two â€Å"conversations. † So-called analytic philosophy and its offshoots became the predominant tradition of philosophy in England and eventually in the United States. The response to Hegelian idealism on the European continent was quite different however; and is known (at least in English-speaking countries) as Continental philosophy.Mean while, the United States developed its own brand of philosophy—called pragmatism—but ultimately analytic philosophy became firmly entrenched in the United States as well. Within Continental philosophy may be found various identifiable schools of philosophical thought: existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, dec onstruction, and critical theory. Two influential schools were existentialism and phenomenology, and we will begin this chapter with them.Both existentialism and phenomenology have their roots in the nineteenth century, and many of their themes can be traced back to Socrates and even to the pre- Socratics. Each school of thought has influenced the other to such an extent that two of the most famous and influential Continental philosophers of this century, Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 –1980), are important figures in both movements, although Heidegger is primarily a phenomenologist and Sartre primarily an existentialist.Some of the main themes of existentialism are traditional and academic philosophy is sterile and remote from the concerns of real life. Philosophy must focus on the individual in her or his confrontation with the world. The world is irrational (or, in any event, beyond total comprehending or accurate conceptualizing through phi losophy). The world is absurd, in the sense that no ultimate explanation can be given for why it is the way it is. Senselessness, emptiness, triviality, separation, and inability to communicate pervade human existence.Giving birth to anxiety, dread, self-doubt, and despair as well as the individual confronts as the most important fact of human existence, the necessity to choose how he or she is to live within this absurd and irrational world. Now, many of these themes had already been introduced by those brooding thinkers of the nineteenth century, Arthur Schopenhauer (see previous chapter), Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. All three had a strong distaste for the optimistic idealism of Hegel—and for metaphysical systems in general. Such philosophy, they thought, ignored the human predicament.For all three the universe, including its human inhabitants, is seldom rational, and philosophical systems that seek to make everything seem rational are just futile attempts t o overcome pessimism and despair. This impressive-sounding word denotes the philosophy that grew out of the work of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938). In brief, phenomenology interests itself in the essential structures found within the stream of conscious experience—the stream of phenomena—as these structures manifest themselves independently of the assumptions and presuppositions of science.Phenomenology, much more than existentialism, has been a product of philosophers rather than of artists and writers. But like existentialism, phenomenology has had enormous impact outside philosophical circles. It has been especially influential in theology, the social and political sciences, and psychology and psychoanalysis. Phenomenology is a movement of thinkers who have a variety of interests and points of view; phenomenology itself finds its antecedents in Kant and Hegel (though the movement regarded itself as anything but Hegelian).Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, argu ed that all objective knowledge is based on phenomena, the data received in sensory experience. In Hegel’s Phenomenology of Mind, beings are treated as phenomena or objects for a consciousness. The world beyond experience, the â€Å"real† world assumed by natural science, is a world concerning which much is unknown and doubtful. But the world-in-experience, the world of pure phenomena, can be explored without the same limitations or uncertainties.

Persecution of the Early Church, Pax Romana, and Heresies in Monophysitism Summaries of Three Scholarly Journal’s

Persecution of the Early Church explain some of the how, when and why’s of the early church prosecutions. â€Å"Reasons of the persecution†, â€Å"History of the persecutions† and â€Å"Two Christian Responses: The Glory of Martyrdom and Apologetics† are segments within this scholarly journal. Therefore, each segment relates to persecution with in the early church, gives a list on the persecutions and touches on ten of Christianity persecutors. This article also gives an account on martyrs who died for the sake of the faith and the birthing of apologetics primary goal, defending the faith of Christianity. Pax Romana and the Rise of the Christian church,† reflects on the Gospel being spread at a time of â€Å"Roman Peace† with Christianity. This article depicts what are Pax Romana or Roman Peace and apologetics at a time when Rome allows Christians to spread the â€Å"Good News†. However, it clearly talks about Christian stay with their boundaries when spreading the gospel, there was evidence of Christian being persecuted. â€Å"The culture and Climate in Which the Gospel spread,† helps one to understand how the gospel starts to spread through evangelism starting with the Apostles and Jews being exiled out of Rome. â€Å"Catholic Answers† breakdowns the definition of Heresies in Monophysitism . Therefore, it supplies its reader with a clear understand of the topic at hand. Monophysitism originated as a reaction to Nestorianism. The Monophysites (led by a man named Eutyches) were horrified by Nestorius’s implication that Christ was two people with two different natures (human and divine). They went to the other extreme, claiming that Christ was one person with only one nature (a fusion of human and divine elements). They are thus known as Monophysites because of their claim that Christ had only one nature (Greek: mono = one; physis = nature) Catholic Answers Brom (2004). Bibliography Anonymous, â€Å"Persecution in the Early Church† Religion Facts (May 2013). http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/history/persecution.htm Bruce, Frederick F. â€Å"The Early Church in the Roman Empire.† The Bible Student 56 (March-April 1933): 30-32. â€Å"Pax Romana† Applied Apologetics http://reformed-apologetics.webs.com/ Brom Robert H., Bishop of San Diego, â€Å"The Great Heresies† Catholic Answers to Explain and Defend the Faith (August 2004) http://www.catholic.com/tracts/the-great-heresies

In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life Essay

Romeo and Juliet is a tragic 16th century Shakespearean love story set in the Italian city of Verona. The life of a father and daughter in our lifetime at the moment would vary considerably from the one Capulet and Juliet lead in the play. In the 16th century women were expected to do many things for men. Men’s expectations for women in the 16th century were that they cleaned the house looked after the children and were treated as second class citizens. Men expected women to obey them and do anything they say if the women disobeyed the men they would subject to punishment in the version of getting hit in those days because there wasn’t strict law and order in those days. So if a women married a man they would become the sole property of their husband. In the 16th century the father was the man of the household who would finalise everything. When they’re daughter was around 14 the father would chose who she would be married to, but as in the play some daughters didn’t feel that their fathers choice was correct and if they turned down his offer they would also be subject to punishment. The rejection of their father’s choice would also make their fathers feel hurt because his daughter had rejected his offer of happiness, the father also feels that his daughter is not proud of her parents and doesn’t thank them. In the play Capulet wants Juliet to have a good life and thinks he’s chosen the right type of man for his daughter . He believes that Paris will give her a stable life. Increase the reputation of his family because Paris has class and is a well-known celebrity who when people know he is part of the Capulet clan and Capulet’s son in law they will like Capulet better. As well as that and the money that Paris earns he believes that Paris is a respectable man of society. That he will also take care of his daughter, e. g. if she is sad he will make her happy and comfort her if she is scared, he will make her feel safe and secure in her home and environment. So all in all he thinks that he has chosen a peach of a man who is respected in aspects of his criteria for his daughter. I believe that in the play Capulet wants his daughter to marry Paris because he feels out of love for his daughter that he has found the right person for his daughter who will take care of her and tend to her when she is sick. Plus love her like he does, but as well as this he also chose Paris who is a very wealthy and popular well-known business man, rather than that his family is at war with the Montague family and would like a celebrity backing to increase his chance of winning. Capulet feels it is tradition at the time for him to select supposedly the lucky man to marry his daughter and when he does this he also expects Juliet to be pleased that he has chosen her such an admirable husband. He hopes that Juliet will feel the same way he does and that it is someone who will care for her and make sure she is given the best love and affection around. In parts of Romeo and Juliet you see the examples of Capulet being a loving and caring father. One of these parts is in Act 1, Scene 2, line 7-11 when Capulet says † My child is yet a stranger in the world, she has not seen the change of 14 years, let two more summers wither in her pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride†. This shows that he is loving because he is saying to Paris she is only young and just turned 14 give her two more years and you can marry her. Although he says this to Paris when his daughter disagrees with his choice he doesn’t accept her reason or anything he just keeps having a go at her. Whatever reason Juliet gives her father will not accept her reason and keeps forcing her to chose Paris. In conclusion I believe that in the 16th century daughter, father relationships were very different from nowadays. Nowadays the daughter has the freedom to do as she pleases apart from in some certain religions where the marriage is organised between 2 people before they can walk. So in most of the world today women have a free right but in some areas they have stuck to the old fashion way of arrange marriages.

Encounter with insects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Encounter with insects - Essay Example To help me get over my fear of insect, my father’s best friend motivated me to see Dr. Smith who happens to be an expert in treating patients with entomophobia. The worst experience I had with a weird-looking insect took place inside a hospital clinic when I decided to visit Dr. Smith one Saturday afternoon. At first, Dr. Smith was very friendly as he made me describe in words how I feel when I first encountered an insect. Obediently, I explained to Dr. Smith that I was bitten by a cockroach when I was three years of age. Since then, I would scream each time I encounter a cockroach. By the time I left his clinic, I realized that it was the worst nightmare I had encountered in all my life. Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Hypnotherapy Dr. Smith explained to me that neuro-linguistic programming combined with hypnotherapy is effective in treating fear of insect. After conducting a research study on neuro-linguistic programming, I learned that this approach to psychotherapy focuse s on analyzing the interrelated link between neurological process, language, and behavioral patterns of the patient through experiential programming (Dilts et al., 1980, p. 2). With the purpose of modifying the patient’s behavior, attitude, and emotional perception about insects, hypnotherapy uses hypnosis as a technique in making the patient able to overcome fear of insect (Havens & Walters, 2002, p. 38). To help me go through diagnostic trance, Dr. Smith instructed me to close my eyes, sit comfortably in the lazy boy chair and relax for a while. This step was necessary to keep me relax throughout the hypnotic procedure. After a while, Dr. Smith instructed me to concentrate on recalling the incident when I first saw the cockroach that bit me many years ago. While concentrating on recalling how the cockroach was fast approaching me, Dr. Smith whispered in my ears to remain quiet, wait patiently, and try to recall the unpleasant sensation I felt when the cockroach was biting m y feet. Even before proceeding to next procedure, I was not able to help but freak out and get distracted by the creepy sensation I started to feel. Therefore, Dr. Smith had no other choice but to repeat the hypnotic procedure right from the start. Carrion Beetle After the 3rd try, Dr. Smith was successful in making me overcome the creepy sensation I was receiving from trying to recall the past incidence I had with the cockroach. At that point, I was very thankful to Dr. Smith for helping me deal with my own fear. Since I was very happy and contented with the hypnotic therapy results, I was rushing my way out of Dr. Smith’s clinic so I can share the good news to my father. Even before I managed to leave the clinic, Dr. Smith called my attention and told me that the therapeutic intervention was not yet over. To ensure that I was able to effectively deal with my fear, Dr. Smith told me that I need to go through the last stage of clinical test. Dr. Smith instructed me to wait fo r him while he gets something from the laboratory room. Smiling back at him, I said â€Å"okay†. While he was out of the clinic, I was imagining how my parents would react with the good news. After a couple

Strategic Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strategic Perspectives - Essay Example The paper also reveals the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats of the Company. The value chain analysis and the resource capability analysis of Zara reflect the systematic and effective management of the products and services which has helped the company to achieve a successful position in the retail industry. This paper also provides insights on the current issues regarding the violence of the CSR activities by the company. It has been identified that the company should plan for an effective cost structure to overcome the recent problems. Recommendations have been provided using porter’s three generic strategies and Ansoff’s matrix to help the company make suitable strategies for achieving competitive advantage through market penetration and product differentiation. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Zara: A Company Overview 4 External Analysis 4 PESTEL Analysis 4 Industry Analysis: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 6 Value Chain Analysis 7 Resource Capability Analysis 9 Issues related to the PR crises of Zara 10 Strategy Recommendation 11 Strategy Evaluation 15 Conclusion 16 References 17 Appendix 20 Zara: A Company Overview Zara is a well known Spanish clothing and accessories retailer. It’s headquarter is located in Arteixo, Spain. The company was founded by Amancio Ortea Gaona. It is one of the renowned brands of Inditex which was founded in the year 1975. The company had a slow growth in its initial years of operations but expanded to a great extent after the 1990’s. Zara is successfully operating in more than thirty different countries. Presently it is one of the leading fashions designing as well as manufacturing companies successfully providing services to the customers. External Analysis The environmental scanning of Zara will be done using the PESTEL Analysis. Pestel Analysis helps in analysing the issues related to the macro environmental factors (Lorat, 2009). PESTEL Analysis Factors Analysis Political UK is presently facing various problems related to high public debt, high unemployment etc. The government has taken important measures like cutting down the budget to an extent of 23 percent for media department, 22 percent for sports and culture department in order to reduce the overall financial deficit caused due to the sovereign debt crisis and the economic recession (Lynn, 2010). The Government has also planned to decrease the corporate tax rate in order to facilitate the companies operating in the country to recover from their financial crisis condition. Economic The economic recession has affected the European countries including United Kingdom. This recession has resulted in the increased unemployment rate for UK. Economists have also forecasted the future rise of the unemployment rate in the coming years. The recession has resulted in the decrease in the purchasing power of the customers as well. Thus the fashion retailers will have to face a situation of demand crunch du e to their operation in UK. Social The sovereign debt crisis along with the budget deficit in UK has decreased the purchasing capacity of the individuals and has also created a challenge in maintaining a standard life style. The working age population in UK is rising. The fashion retailers should focus on bringing a change in its product portfolio in future in order to satisfy the needs of the aging population of the country. Technological The retailers in UK are

Sandcastles argument Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sandcastles argument - Assignment Example Jones- I believe sand castle is putting ones ideas and dreams in to form. Something which one can mold according to one’s taste and preference. Our imagination strengthen our believes and motivates us to built our life like this sand castle. Nihilo -)"Look at what youre doing: building little castles on the beach. Theyre not real. Theres nothing inside these. Its all just sand and dreams. The little flags only have significance in your imagination; none of this is real. ‘Reality’ is only somehow just the empty sand and our fantasies and our lies to one another. James - Do you thing you only believe in real things. How do you know you are real? Is it because you exist. Then as long as this sand castle exists it is real for me and you. Can you tell me Nihole what is inside you? It is soul and the dreams and desires of mind which is coming out in the form of your creations. In the same way this sand castle is the creation of someone’s mind and it as real as your purpose to live. Samuel - Why don’t you have faith in the reality ? Then what could be the credibility towards your claims. We can see that you statements are as empty as the sand castle which you are accusing. In real sense, everything in this world is empty and it is our faith which gives life to things and beings. Jones – I think reality is a myth, what is real and unreal is not our issue. We need to believe what we see and experience despite the fact whether it is real or unreal. Actually everything in this world is illusion and our faith and belief in life gives meaning to things we see around us. Nihilo - "Do you think anybody, or anything cares that we are here? How can you rationally argue for the claim that there is someone who watches and cares and loves us and holds us all in His great mind and heart? There is no one there - were all alone. Nothing...and nothing cares. Is there any justice in the world? Who then, decides what Just is. Jones - Okay so you think that

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Gun Control - Essay Example This essay will specifically address the reasons for allowing personal gun ownership and usage. The federal government should not restrict American people from carrying guns because guns do not kill people but people kill people. Hence, by restricting gun ownership we do not create a safer society since the safety of the society relies on our morals and not firearms. Additionally, according to the second Amendment to the U.S Constitution, it is a legitimate right for an American citizen to own a gun for security reasons and protection of his property (Endersby Web). In situations where the police are incapable of protecting the citizens like where thugs break into houses in the wee hours of the night, a personal gun would offer a reprieve. In fact, banning guns would not eliminate them from the society since most of the guns are illegal secret imports that are never registered. Hence, banning gun ownership will only accord criminal a chance to own illegal guns and deny law-abiding citizens weapons to protect themselves from the criminals. Moreover, shooting is a sport recogniz ed by the federal government and relies on gun ownership. Hence, banning ownership of guns would deprive the sportsmen of their leisure, kill the sport and the economic benefits attached to it. Actually, a country can effectively fight external aggression if most of its citizens have an ability to use guns. Banning personal gun ownership denies this ability. Indeed, the federal government recognizes the significance of a well-regulated militia in the second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Many countries rely on this militia to defend themselves. In probable cases of rape and other crimes, women will have no means to protect themselves when the rapists strike. Ideally, the possibility of a victim to possess a firearm prevents a crime. Socially, the banning of gun ownership will lead to black markets for guns and subsequent criminal revenue as people seek for

Professional Practice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Professional Practice - Case Study Example presents an interesting case due to its initiation stages and a number of challenges that it has gone through to the current level where it is not only the art, but also the great spots that are located at different places in the island which acts as the attractive features. The Naoshima project presents a case that is comparable to other projects which have been carried out in the recent past. The comparable project, in this case, is the architectural design practice that I have set up with my fellow Cambridge post-graduate, and the practice has received potential clients since its initiation and has closed down on a number of deals most of which have given the practice a stable workload and are similar to the Naoshima island project. The project that has been carried out by the practice is similar to the Naoshima project because they both have features that have made them notable and identified within the historical timeline. The identifiable elements between the two projects includes their similar method of construction and building materials, and other elements such as the form that has been adopted in the construction process. The style that has been adopted in the architectural designs being carried out can be described as post-modern. The architectural designs have included changes being carried out gradually as a way of allowing architects to adapt to the new ideas, and these styles have on several occasions been a rebellion of the styles that had existed before. The case of Naoshima Island involved a proposal that was made which entailed an agreement being reached to allow modern architectural practices to be applied and turn the island into an attractive site for tourism due to the establishment of the many contemporary museums2. The changes had the sleepy fishing community being turned into a home of impressive art collection that turned the place into an attractive site for touring. The analysis of the Naoshima Island compares to the project that has

Peculiarities of Community Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peculiarities of Community Analysis - Essay Example Recently, however, I have seen a change. I have seen the things I once read of, slowly materializing. I have seen women go from being a household commodity, to being equal to sons in our male chauvinistic culture. Now, working women are accepted rather than shunned like ten years ago. There is a lot more freedom in all aspects, be it dressing, travel, education, lifestyle- almost any aspect one chooses to describe, women are now more liberated than ever before. People now take it as a matter of pride to send their daughters to school, and most of the conservative elements are moving towards modernism and liberalism. This is the change I see around me. What remains to be seen is whether it really is happening, or whether it is just an illusion- a mirage, ‘window-dressing’ in accounting terms. Also, is it just limited to sprawling metropolises, or has the effect permeated to the as-yet-un-westernized rural areas? Another aspiring ray that has developed in females in recent times is their strength. Their robustness to stand change, their robustness to accept change, their robustness on being the change. This has taken the course of action to move to better, positive horizons. â€Å"Whether we like it or not, one of our tasks on this Earth is to work with the opposites through the different level of consciousness until body, soul, and spirit resonate together. Initiation rites, experienced at the appropriate times in our lives, burn off what is no longer relevant, opening our eyes to new possibilities of our own uniqueness.† (Miss Morian Woodman: â€Å"The Pregnant Virgin: A Process of Psychological Transformation†. Page 26 Chrysalis) Using the concept of the process of psychological pregnancy (the virgin forever a virgin, forever pregnant, forever open to possibilities), Woodman examines ways of restoring the unity of body and soul, suggesting that how and what a woman goes through in a man’s world. Drawing on her Jungian analytic practice with its analysis of hundreds of dreams, she explores the search for personal identity and relationships, including the celebration of the feminine both in women and men. She begins with the symbolism of the chrysalis, and then discusses abandonment in the creative woman, psyche-soma awareness, the ritual journey, further thoughts on addiction, and yin, yang, and Jung.

Problem with united states highways conditions Essay

Problem with united states highways conditions - Essay Example The following are some of the topics which will be covered in the first part of the research proposal. In this subtopic, the researcher will seek to explore the different background of the highways conditions in the United States with the aim of establishing any shortcomings that can be covered by the research work. The researcher will compare the conditions in different States and countries to get a comprehensive content for the research work. The research on highways conditions will be guided by at least 4 objectives which will act as the guiding principle of getting the best results for the research work. For instance, the researcher will explore objectives of different authorities in relation to maintaining the good highways in the country. The researcher will use different research questions to help in getting the right information about the highways conditions in the country. The researcher will explore the conditions using at least 4 research questions. The researcher in this section will review different literature by different authors related to highways conditions in United States and other countries. The researcher will rely on this information to build up good research through establishing gaps in the

Psychologicl Fctors nd Sport Performnce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Psychologicl Fctors nd Sport Performnce - Essay Example This paper includes discussion of two articles on the effect of psychological factors on the performance of sportsmen. Additionally, it includes author's recommendations as to how to deal with these paychological factors. Psychologicl fctors ssocited with sport performnce can influence the sportsmen in a positive and negative way. Some positive factors that significantly enhance the performance of athlets are for examplesegmenting, task-relevant thought content, positive self-talk, and mood words (Rushall, Some Psychological Factors for Promoting Exceptional Athletic Performance). The most common negative factor that influences sports performance is anxiety. Anxiety is a body's automatic response that prepares it to 'fight' or 'flee' from perceived harm or attack that ensures survival of the human species. Sporting competition is an event that creates the feeling of anxiety. Basically, when the demands of training or competition exceed one's perceived ability, anxiety is the inevitable outcome. I will review all of those factors and propose my resonce as a coach to the psychological factors that influence the sport peroformance. norml fcet of dily life, stress is defined s n synchrony between chnge within n individul nd chnge within the environment. This synchrony is concretely pprent in sport s performnce is the externl reflection of blnce between the individul nd the environment. Excessive stress my be detrimentl to performnce culminting in greter psychologicl strin on the thlete. In overtrining reserch, stress is primrily viewed s summtion of severl fctors including life stress, mount of socil support, decrese of coping skills, locus of control, nd emotionl expression. The stress-injury link to negtive life stress hs been investigted nd helps provide coches with new direction to explin why some thletes, my be more vulnerble to injury t different times of the seson (Smith, Smoll, & Ptcek, 1990). Negtive life stress hs ccounted for s much s 30% of the observed injury vrince when ssessing injury vulnerbility (Smith, Smoll, & Ptcek, 1990). The subsequent stress following n injury or performnce decline does not fcilitte regenertion, further contributing to the overtrining syndrome. Excessive life stress is ssocited with n incresed vulnerbility to injury for two possible resons. First, ttentionl disruption my occur cusing less vigilnce to environmentl cues. Secondly, incresed muscle tension my effect fluidity of movement resulting in predisposition to injury (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Socil support nd coping skills my lso effect how thletic stress is reconciled nd hs been investigted through the stress-injury model (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Lck of pproprite socil support nd coping skills hs led to stleness nd eventul burnout (Smith, Smoll & Ptcek, 1990). Exmples include the underdeveloped coping skills of some children who prticipte in sports, nd the potentil for liention to occur t elite levels of competition due to trvel nd prctice time wy from friends. Severity of injury hs not been determined using indices of socil support/coping skill lthough sttisticlly significnt correltion ws drwn when subjects who were low in both socil support nd coping skills were ssessed for injuries. Results suggested tht s high s 47 to 55 percent of

Race Determining Music Preference Essay Example for Free

Race Determining Music Preference Essay Music in the United States is a reflection of the nation’s multi-ethnic population with regard to its diverse array of styles. The most famous of these genres include; rock n roll, country, rhythm blues, jazz, hip-hop. The developments of most of the genres of music began during the civil war period. During this time the roots of such popular forms like blues, gospel, jazz, as well as country took shape. In the early 20th century there forms of music emerged as the core of American popular music and later underwent evolution to such styles as rhythm and blues, rock and roll and hip-hop (Daniel Gilbert Perret, (2005). Music integrates South American social and cultural identity, entailing social class, race and ethnicity among many others. The link and co relationship between is perhaps the to potent of all the factors within the United States than any other. Race seems to the most potent determiner of musical mean within America. The evolution of the Afro American musical identity as a result of disparate sources form Africa as well as Europe has consistently been the main theme within the music domain and history in the United States. During the mid 1800s, the Afro American had developed a district folk tradition that was well-recognized and very wide spread. African American techniques, their instrumentation as well as images were integrated and became part of what was then known mainstream music. Via spirituals, slave songs as well as minstrel shows. Through jazz, rhythm and blues, and blues and later on through rock n roll, soul a swell as hip-hop. Even through all these genres were accepted and adapted by all races within the United States they were developed from an afro American styles as well as idioms before eventually setting to become very common in consumption as well as performance that had no racial boundary. Differently, country music was driven from the European and an African context as well as Hawaiian and Native American. The untied states due to her diverse culture and her propensity to taking in influences form across the globe and building characteristically new methods through which artists can culturally express themselves. Even though many aspects of the American aspects of the American music is traceable back to certain specific origins it is usually inherently difficult to put claim on any respective original culture as the source of any musical element, because of the even evolving American music through transplanting as well as techniques of hybridizations, instruments and genres (Blush, Steven (2001). Very distinctly American music stems form the cross-cultural hybridization through a very close interaction. For instance, during slavery mixed persons form various tribes in very closely enclosed living quarter resulted in a shared musical tradition that was done through an extended hybridization. The process which music was being transplanted between various cultures within the United States brought with it various implications. For example, the revival of folk during the mid 1900s appropriated the music of different village person, partially to enhance particular political causes. The use of Afro American techniques as well as images, instruments during performances by white Americans have been on the rise since the mid 1800s. The music industry in the United States has been very active with her attempts to make popular white performers of African American music due to their palatability to mainstream as well as middle class American. From this process such many stars like Benny Goodman, Eminem as well as Elvis Presley have emerged in various genres of music. The nature of folk music within the united is as varied as the nature of her multi-ethical culture. Generally, the Native Americans have each played their variety of folk music, which has basically been spiritual. In its development stage spirituals was basically expressions of religious faith, and was a common song by slaves on southern plantations. It however, spread out of the south in the late 1800s. Its diversification increased with emergence of fekleg in the early 1900s as well as the rise of the singing preachers from which the gospel type of music originated (Chase, Gilbert (2000). Blues on the other hand is conglomeration of African folk songs, shouts as well as field hollers. It emerged form the rural south during 1900-1910. It was characterized in its use of the blue scale with a flatted/in determinate third. The various ethnic communities that have migrated to the untied have managed to keep alive the folk traditions of the culture and usually providing a characteristically American styles with foreign flair. The European musical tradition was imported to the United States with the advent of the first colonialists. This classical traditional music is deeply rooted within the traditions of the European art, as well as concern music. Majorly of American tried to work entirely with their music centered on the European models until the 1800s. By early 1900s, many American composers started incorporating such disparate elements into their musical art, from the jazz and blues to the Native American music. Big corporations that produce in both small and large scale largely dominate the music industry in the untied states. Often, these companies do not appeal to large audiences, as such small companies have sprung up to fill the void left. They produce in various styles with ranging variety that appeal to very large audiences. These small firms are normally built on the foundation of a core fun base that may happen to be strategically located in one region. The largest make music industry is that centered on Latin music. This kind of music has greatly impacted on the popular American music and was a very essential component in the development of jazz music. In view of this it is sufficient to conclude that to a greater extent race has a bearing on the preference of the type of music one performs or listens to this is born out of the fact that part of a child’s development stage, the cognitive part begins to encode the mothers language from the womb until he or she reaches the external environment (Daniel G. 2005). Thus, even if there are many Americans who have crossed the racial lines as has music still the culture is a determinant the choice of music.

Evaluate Kodaks Position In Traditional Photography Media Essay

Evaluate Kodaks Position In Traditional Photography Media Essay In 1880, George Eastman invented the first camera which uses a dry-plate formula and also a machine to make these plates (Gavetti et al, 2005). George established Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York. The dry plate technology was later replaced by film rolls named as Kodak. In 1888, Kodak Company introduced the camera with the tag line, You press the button we do the rest'(Gavetti et al, 2005). The main goals of company to be successful were to mass produce at low cost, worldwide distribution, aggressive advertising, customers need oriented and continuous RD. In the article Kodak and the digital revolution by G. Gavetti, R. Henderson and S. Georgi, Eastman quoted that, Nothing is more important than the value of our name and the quality it stands for. We must make quality our fighting argument. Kodak used the razor blade model for the business and sold out cameras at cheaper price, while the cost of film and developing was higher. Kodak developed color films in 1921 and was first introduced for consumers in 1963. By the end of 1967, Kodak holds 90% of film making and 85% of camera sales (Gavetti et al, 2005). In 1981, Sony Corporation introduced the first digital camera named Mavica. Kodak had this technology before Sony launched it, but they were afraid of cannibalization of the silver halide technology. Fuji Film came in to market with a 400 speed color film and low cost photographic papers. It was the official sponsor of Olympics 1984. By the end of 1993, Fuji acquired 21% of worldwide market (Gavetti et al, 2005). In 1993, Kodak hired Fisher as the new CEO of the Company. Fisher changed the razor blade business model to network and consumables model. Fisher tried to change the way of thinking at Kodak Company but it did not worked. Later, Fisher was replaced by Former General Manager of Kodak Canada, Daniel Carp. Carp resumed with the same business model. Kodak now excelled in cameras, online services and image printing at kiosk or inkjet printers. Evaluate Kodaks position in traditional photography. Why has the company historically been so successful? In 1885, Eastman established Kodak with the aim of producing a user friendly product. The slogan did the thing of marketing for the company, i.e. You click the button we do the rest.'(Gavetti et al, 2005). The company was very successful and there were literary no competitors to them. Kodak believed in quality and customer need satisfaction. Kodaks marketing strategy kept the customers away from switching to other cheaper brands. The razor blade model helped the company to fetch profits from films and image processing. The introduction of color imaging lagged the competitors far behind. To conclude, during 1970s, Kodak was very successful because of continuous innovation, customer satisfaction and aggressive marketing. This allowed Kodak to setup a standard barrier for other companies to enter the market. Compare traditional and digital imaging. What are the main structural differences? How have value creation and appropriation changed in digital relative to traditional photography. Traditional imaging used silver halide technology while digital imaging used electronic image sensors. Both these technologies are different from the technological point and also in structure and organization of company. In the traditional imaging, films were the only means of storage and Kodak had mastered in that field. While in the digital technology, as the barriers can be easily overcome, there were many new entrants in the market like Fuji and Sony. Digital imaging led to a fast change in the market. The prices fall drastically and customers now need more complementary resources. This new technology was more based on horizontal structure of the company rather than vertical. This led to a complete change in the organization of the company. Companies developed the habit of first mover policy for a particular segment of supply chain. Customers were provided with different complementary resource and continuous improvement in the technology created appropriate value for the company. Thus, digital imaging has led to segmentation of customers based on prices, quality of images, user friendliness and type of storage. Each company should focus on a particular segment and try to maximize its appropriation and thereby the profit margins. Evaluate Kodaks response to Sonys introduction of Mavica in 1981. Kodak used the Razor Blade model in the business of cameras and image processing. They sold cameras at cheaper price and obtained high profits for films and image processing. Kodak earned its profits from film and not from cameras. This model was successful for Kodak and they earned $1 billion in 1962 and captured 85% of the USA camera market(Gavetti et al, 2005). Kodak was recognized for its quality and people preferred Kodak over low cost other brands. In 1981, Sony introduced Mavica, a filmless camera. It stored images in a floppy disk and these images can be seen directly on TV sets. Kodak was afraid of cannibalism of its silver halide technology. The profit margin of silver halide technology was at least 50% more compared to digital imaging. So Kodak decided to continue with the traditional photography. Later Kodak was threatened by the digital photography and so they decided to diversify their business in fields like pharmaceutics, clinical diagnostics and mass storage. This led Kodak away from its core business of photography. Kodak also invested in the digital imaging technology but majority of business was still focused on film photography. Kodaks response to Sonys introduction of Mavica was inappropriate. Kodak management was very much engaged in the traditional photography that they ignored the threat of digital imaging. According to Porters five forces, 1) Rivals like Fuji and Sony were increasing market share by introducing cheap and differentiated products from Kodak. Rivalry is the biggest threat to any company. 2) Other substitutes like mobile phones with camera and camcorders were introduced by other companies. 3) Consumers were moving towards digital cameras were they can save money on printing. Instead of continuing with the traditional photography and looking for higher profits, Kodak should have moved on with new technologies to gain an edge over rivals as they were already holding a large amount of market share. Fisherss Attempt to transform Kodak. In 1993, Kodak replaced Whitmore by hiring George Fisher. Fisher was former CEO of Motorola. Fisher misjudged Kodak as an imaging company and not a film making company. Fisher wanted Kodak to focus on imaging rather than diversified business. Fisher closed most of the diversified business like pharmaceuticals and chemical industry. Fisher helped Kodak to reduce the cost of production by developing joint ventures in China. Fisher also tried to re organize the company and rethink how to expand Kodaks market. Fisher wanted Kodak to make profits in hardware like Motorola and so he developed costly digital cameras which were unsuccessful due to high competition. Fisher had worked in an environment where people argue with each other and make the decision more effective. While Kodak was the company where people were trained to take orders from top management and never argue about it. Thus fishers attempt to make Kodak like Motorola has failed as Kodak is not a hardware company but a service company. Moreover, employees of Kodak were not accustomed to argue with the top management in making decisions. Kodaks current position in Digital imaging. Initially when Kodak entered the market in 1888, their business model was razor blade model. They started selling cameras at cheaper price and earned profits from films and image development. During the era of traditional photography, Kodak earned huge profits from making films and chemicals for image development. After the development of 1st digital camera by Sony in 1981, the market for traditional film photography started shrinking. Kodak took long time before they entered in the digital imaging market. Thats the reason they came down to position 3 in the industry behind Fuji and Nikon (plunkett). Today, Kodaks business is divided in 3 major segments namely, Graphic communication group (GCG), consumer digital imaging group (CDG) and film, photofinishing and entertainment group (FPEG). Sales of 2009 have decreased compared to 2008 due to economic slowdown. Over 2008, Kodaks 2009 GCG sales decreased by 18%, CDG by 15% and FPEG by 25%. Position of Kodak, had they adopted digital imaging strategy in 80s and 90s. The digital imaging era began in 1981, when Sony launched the 1st filmless camera to the market. During this period, Kodak ignored the change in the market and kept on going with the traditional imaging. The company was looking for profits and forgot to consider the future trends. During 1980s, Whitmore tried to diversify the company to various unrelated business. If they had not invested in all those industries and invested in digital imaging, the scenario would be completely different. Kodaks view of digital imaging in 1980s as photo CD was also a disaster. They spend millions of dollars in developing this project and finally end up distributing to the wrong segment of customers. Fishers idea of concentrating on core business was good, and he paid off debts by selling the unrelated business. But he failed to restructure the company as digital imaging company. His idea of Kodak as hardware Company was a blunder as Kodak was good at services rather than hardware production. All this events led Kodak away from the core profitable business of imaging. It allowed rival industries to get ahead in terms of sales and market share. Fuji is making out profits by developing large number of minilabs across the world.

The Representation Of Disabled People In Film

The Representation Of Disabled People In Film The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyse the stereotypical portrayals of disabled people in the media. It is mainly concerned with the misrepresentation of disability in films, especially the horror genre. It aims to consider the effect that the media has o disabled identity, highlighting the power of body image and personal experience on the development of both individual and group identity. In examining the mechanisms of how we read film, the exchange of looks, of identification, and of pleasure offered and obtained, we find that notions of masculinity and femininity predominate spectator text relations. Media often turns people into objects and this can bring terrible consequences as self-image can be deeply affected with their interpretations of what is acceptable and visually pleasing in contemporary bodies. Girls self-esteem plummets during adolescence partly because they cannot escape the message that their bodies are objects and imperfect ones at that. Girls of all ages get the message that they must be flawlessly beautiful and, above all these days, they must be thin. Even more destructively, they get the message that this is possible, that with enough effort and self-sacrifice, they can achieve this ideal. The glossy images of flawlessly beautiful and extremely thin women that surround us would not have the impact they do if we did not live in a culture that enc ourages us to believe we can and should remake our bodies into perfect commodities. Women are especially vulnerable because their bodies have been objectified for so long. According to Clarkes (1995) media representations of embodiment show how the computer-generated body of the hyperreal world also persist in negating a disabled embodiment. The use of body doubles in films and commercials makes it even less likely that we will see real womens bodies. Davies (1997:1) writes, People with disabilities have been isolated, incarcerated, observed written about, operated on, instructed , implanted, regulated, treated, institutionalised, and controlled to a degree probably unequal to that experienced by any other minority group. Oliver (1990: 1) writes, Throughout the twentieth century disabled people continue to be portrayed as more than or less than human, rarely as ordinary people doing ordinary things. The world is fast becoming a global market place controlled not by individual governments but by transnational conglomerates interested only in profits (OShaughnessy, 1999). The influence of these huge and powerful corporations on the media leads to a pernicious kind of censorship. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that many of these corporations own and control the media. The medias development has been affected by commercial interests that recognise that the media are potentially highly profitable industries (OShaughnessy, 1999:2). This point helps to demonstrate that media representations are not always genuine or accurately reflecting reality. The media uses visual images to tell a particular story ant these experiences often help guide opinions and values. The consumption of the media, and in particular media forms such as TV and film, has become extremely popular. Not only do the media reflect societal values, but it can be assume that it also encourages certain ideals. Stigma, Stereotyping and Prejudice There is no established single theory of stigma, which is not surprising as stigma embodies a complex interaction between medicine, political affairs, social science, history, psychology, anthropology (Smith, 2002). Smith goes on to state that the significant stage in the generation of stigma is the perception of difference and for stigmatisation to take place, the differences observed will be related to undesirable traits. Smith used the example of people suffering from a mental illness being stereotyped as being violent and unpredictable. Marks (1997, p.86) draws attention to the moving image media representations, that divide the able bodied and people with impairments. According to Sarfan (1998) much has been written on the damaging, stereotypical representation of people with all manner of impairments in film. Wahl (1995) states that films with disability themes stigmatise those with similar characteristics as: infantile; savants; sexually abnormal and bitter; deviant and violent and dependent and pitiable. According to Whittington- Walsh (1997) people with a variety of impairments have been exhibited for amusement and gain as freaks for countless years and it proved to be a lucrative business. Even though spectators turned away from the freak shows at the beginning of the nineteenth century images of people with impairments as entertainment did not cease to exist. Mainstream film industry has produced many films showing characters with impairments. More often than not, disabled people in film are portrayed as pitiable and pathetic such as John Merrick, paraded as a freak in The Elephant Man (1980, David Lynch, Uk), or as victims an objects of violence such as Suzy Hendrix who was blind and intimidated by drug dealers in Wait until Dark (1967, Terrance Young, USA) or as asexual such as the disabled war veteran, Ron Kovic, in Born on the 4th of July (1989, Oliver Stone, USA). These are but a few of the distorted portrayals of disabled people in the media. According to Marks (1997, p.86) these individuals are presented as Other who are completely different from us. Very rarely are disabled people accurately shown as leading ordinary lives. Stigmatised individuals and groups frequently lack power to alter such views and as such their status diminishes further. Our opinions about different groups of people are often totally irrational. They are influenced by factors such as our membership of a group (ethnocentrism) and by our experience, no matter how small, of that group. Some of these ideas may be positive and some may be negative but often these opinions or attitudes are based on very little information. The process of grouping people together and believing that they are all the same is known as stereotyping. The term stereotype was introduced by Walter Lippmann in 1922 (cited in Brown, 1986) and was defined as being an oversimplified view of the world that satisfies our need to see the world as more understandable and manageable than it really is. What he actually meant was that if we can attribute a whole set of characteristics to something, we will not have to analyse the thing each time we meet it in order to know about it. Stereotyping involves classifying people according to a set of pre-established criteria and this kind of classification is usually made on the basis id something as superficial as their appearance. What the person is actually like is totally irrelevant because we simply attribute all sorts of characteristics to them on the basis of the group that we have put then with. According to Tajfel (1982), the process of trying to give ourselves some kind of positive identity seems to explain why people have what are known as in group preferences. If we are assigned to a group, any group, either by birth or by design, we instantaneously seem to feel a kind of innate, automatic preference for that group and give the group a higher status than other groups. The in group bias is merely a method of increasing our own self-esteem. If a group believes it is less worthy than others, it will be more likely to accept any prejudice shown to them without objection because they believe it is justified. The nature of social power dynamics and group hierarchy make stereotypes particularly oppressive for certain individuals and groups (Operario et al., 1998). In particular: †¦individuals whose outcomes are controlled by others, and groups low in the social hierarchy, are vulnerable to the demeaning content of their stereotypes. Conversely, individuals who control others outcomes, and groups near the top of the social hierarchy, are more likely to employ stereotypes about others †¦ (Fiske, 1993) Because of their dependence on the powerful, the powerless direct their attention up the hierarchy and do not categorise those with power. But the powerful themselves are too busy, too unconcerned with accuracy, or too dominance-orientated to pay any attention to the powerless. They, therefore, tend to categorise and form highly stereotypical impressions of those over whom they can exert power (Oakes, 2004). Powerful people simply pay less individuating attention to their subordinates- that is, they treat them less as individuals, while the reverse is true for subordinate individuals and groups. According to Operario and Fiske (2004): †¦ Not only does power perpetuate beliefs associated with social subordinates and minority groups, it also enables people to act upon stereotypical beliefs through legislation, economic policies, and institutional practices†¦ A counterintuitive finding is the tendency for the powerless and disadvantaged to show biases that justify and maintain their groups low status (that is, they accept the status quo). This helps explain why social injustice can endure within cultural contexts that outwardly endorse egalitarianism and equality. But this is not necessarily the same as internalising negative stereotypes. Members of low-status groups tend to achnowledge their groups disadvantaged status, but minimise perceptions of personal vulnerability to discrimination. In this way, they can maintain their self-esteem and personal control, and avoid feeling personally victimised (Operario and Fiske, 2004). Sometimes the attitudes we have towards a group of people are extreme and we call this kind of extreme attitude prejudice. This prejudice can be either positive or negative depending on the person holding the views. Often these extreme attitudes have virtually no foundation in reality and are based simply on some minor attribute like appearance, are influenced by factors such as the media and the way we have been socialised. Supposing someone has something about their appearance that they have no control over-how must they feel? The studies by Piliavin (1969) in the subway showed that people with ugly facial birthmarks were not helped as frequently. Were they being stereotyped on the basis of some external characteristics and consequently suffering some king of prejudice to do with the fact that their appearance was not perfect? Even when prejudices are irrational, if they are maintained or perpetuated by society they cab have vey dangerous consequences for the person concerned. The person on the receiving end is likely to develop very low self-esteem, seeing themselves as less worthy than people holding their prejudiced views. However, there is evidence to show that if you have an expectation that people will be prejudiced towards you, this may in fact lead you to perceive a situation in a different way to people who have no expectation of prejudice. This was demonstrated by a study done by Kleck and Strenta (1980) who applied make-up to their participants to make them look as if they had an extremely large, ugly facial scar. After checking their appearance in a mirror, the researchers applied some cream to set the make-up but what they actually did was remove the scar. The participants then spent some time interacting with another person and reported back on whether the scar affected their interactions. Even though there was no disfigurement, the participants reported that their appearance had influenced the way the other person behaved towards them. This suggests that people may well explain the way people behave towards them as being due to their membership of a particular group. This may help us unders tand the perceptions of minority groups who believe they are being persecuted, even when this is not the case. Freaks Around the time Todd Brownings Freaks was made the meaning of freak was changing. Ceasing to be a celebrated exotic attraction, it was becoming medicalised, developing into a scientific specimen. Freaks was perhaps the first film to use a full cast of genuine sideshow people and expose viewers to images of abnormal bodies enjoying daily life, together with their normal sensual desires. However, audiences were engaged not through empathy, but revulsion from the physical differences shown and were outraged by the Freaks avenging themselves on so called normal bodies. The 30 year ban demonstrates how deeply we share cultural ideas about disabled people and images of impaired bodies. The bodies of the actors did not match with how the dominant U.S. culture defined what a body should look like or what it should be able to do. Their bodies were considered inferior when compared with people who were considered normal. Freaks has often been criticised because of its association with the negative representation of disability within the horror film genre. Conversely, it has also been praised because its portrayal of disability was in fact far more lifelike than that portrayed in numerous other films. Whittington-Walsh (2002, p.698) states: Freaks is unique in the fact that we only see characters with disabilities in their day to day lives and we never see them in the mode of presentation used in Freak shows and other films. We only see them in their actual social identity. Fiske, S.T. (1993) Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. American Psychologist, 48(6), pp.621-628. Oakes, P. (2004) The Root of All Evil in Intergroup Relations? Unearthing the Categorisation Process. In Brewer, M. B. and Hewstone, M. (2004) (eds) Social Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Operario, D., Goodwin, S.A., and Fiske, S.T. (1998) Power is everywhere: Social control and personal control both operate as stereotype activation, interpretation , and response. In Wyer, R.S. (1998) (ed.) Advances in social cognition (Volume 11) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Operario, D. and Fiske, S.T. (2004) Stereotypes: Content, Structures, Processes and Context. In Brewer, M. B. and Hewstone, M. (2004) (eds) Social Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Maria Theresa :: History

Maria Theresa Birth Date and Birth Place Maria Theresa, the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth Brunswick-Wolfenbà ¼ttel, was born in Vienna on May 13, 1717. Early Life When the only son of Charles VI died and left no heir to the throne, Charles furthered the Pragmatic Sanction. The Pragmatic Sanction is a royal act, which allowed a female to inherit the territories of the Habsburg. In 1736 Maria Theresa married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. The marriage of Maria to Francis was one of love, which was very unlike many in that time. The French strongly opposed the marriage of Lorraine lands to the Habsburg lands and demanded that he give up his ancestral rights of Lorraine for the succession of Tuscany. Schooling Maria Theresa did not have much schooling in politics, so when her father died on October 17, 1740, she was ill prepared. She had never had book-learned education and was only taught the proper etiquette and court manners that the ladies of her time learned. Family Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen had sixteen children, only ten of them survived. Maria loved her children very much, even though they were rebellious and often irritated her greatly. After they moved away she still kept in tight correspondence, and gave them wise advise. Her children became famous well-known people such as, the later Emperors Joseph II, Leopold II, and the later queen of France, Marie-Antoinette. Maria’s favorite out of all her many children was Maria Christina, who was the only one allowed to marry for love to Prince Albert of Saxony-Teschen, and was showered with vast gifts of money. Accomplishments Maria Theresa Accomplished many things during her reign, she established a strong army, centralized the administration of the government, and initiated reforms in agriculture and education. She approved drastic changes in universities, such as the introduction of textbooks. She also managed to hook the University of Vienna’s medical school with the public Health service. She tried to improve the lives of the peasants and put an end to the cruelty of the landlords, she tried to abolish serfdom in Bohemia but met opposition from her husband who was getting complaints from the lord-holders. Hardships After Charles VI died, the war he had tried so hard to prevent broke out after Maria inherited the throne. Besides having to deal with the war, Maria found that Charles had left the Habsburg territories in a dire state of disrepair, along with an empty treasury.

Essay --

City of God we would all think of a holy place to be in but on the controversy it wasn’t the safest place to be in. â€Å"But in the end one needs more courage to live than to kill himself.† Albert Camus Many young kids do not have a house to run to, a mother to cuddle with, a father to set things straight siblings to get love from. Reality getting involved in violence can make you but in the end break you. Power with violence can make you stronger five you more power but break you in a blink of an eye. Brutality of life is revealed in Rios slums in this Brazilian film. A powerful film that views violence, lack of education, lack of money in 3rd world countries People create a civilized society individuals make it the norm however there are those ignorant people that just destruct everything and make it a disaster. It is part of a human balance to have good and evil. According to Urban Cinefile Critics, "A powerful and haunting film that explores the myriad of stories that lie deep within the slums of Rio, City Of God shocks, enlightens and above all affects us by taking us into a world where drugs and organized crime are a way of life." But in this film it shows that everyone choses their own paths to walk by for instances if it wasn’t for the harsh and brutality in that city Rocket, who is intelligent, cannot survive to do the work that his intelligence entitles him to do. Take pictures be in the photography industry and have his work published. Intelligence can be made in everyone that chooses to succeed in life the right way however a charter named Lil Z in this movie shows us otherwise. Stupidity, lack of knowledge (thinking he is famous being in the newspaper) not being able to read at his age is just sad. Thinking he is God of... ...see karma in the ending where Lil Z returns to the city looking for the children for help id assume these children turn on hi and kill him Rocket captures the whole scenery which made him famous having one person on the inside and living another life where that shot he took landed on the front page of the newspaper. Neighborhoods do have an impact on a child's behavior as well as the way they vision themselves growing up. A child's background in life matters no matter what. Where a child has grown up the neighborhood history remains the same until someone changes the perspective of the scenery the children grew up in as well as the violence that was always surrounded them. They need a better role model because in the end history bounded to repeat itself having now kids under the age of 15 walking around thinking they run the place till history repeats itself again.

Global Poverty Essay

The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, English magistrates decided that a minimum income should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today, the Census Bureau defines the threshold of global poverty as the minimum amount of money families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one-third of their income for food. The term underclass has been applied by some social scientists to a population of people, concentrated in an inner city, who are persistently poor, unemployed, and dependent on welfare, with an emphasis on persistently. Initially, sociologist William Julius Wilson championed the concept to describe the plight of the truly disadvantaged. But he and a number of other sociologists have since expressed concern that the term underclass is being misused by some journalists and political conservatives to argue that the poor have created their own plight and are to blame for their poverty (Hinkle, 1994). Wilson contends that the underclass exists mainly because of a sharp climb in inner-city joblessness by virtue of the elimination of hundreds of thousands of lower-skill jobs, the growing polarization of the labor market into low-wage and high-wage sectors, the relocation of manufacturing industries out of the central city, and periodic recessions. The problem has been compounded by the concentration of the disadvantaged in inner-city ghettos and the isolation of these areas from more affluent communities (Hinkle, 1994). Before World War I, most African Americans lived in the rural South. But industrial jobs during World Wars I and II drew hundreds of thousands of blacks to cities in the North (Davis, 2004). Almost all of these people were poor, unskilled workers. Structural factors, i. e. the disappearance over the past quarter-century of hundreds of thousands of low-skill jobs, mainly involving physical labor, have meant that inner-city blacks have become a severely disadvantaged class (Hinkle, 1994). They settled in slum areas near the factories where they worked in the inner city. As slums grew, ghetto conditions worsened. These patterns are most evident in large American cities where smokestack industries once attracted young men with few or no skills to jobs that nonetheless paid well enough to support wives and children. Prejudice and discrimination have made it difficult for African Americans and other minorities to improve these conditions. Legislation has been used to try to eliminate ghetto conditions in the United States. But segregation remains a serious problem. Now poor urban blacks find themselves relegated to all-black neighborhoods where they are socially isolated from mainstream life (Davis, 2004). According to the conflict theory, though, the underclass indeed constitutes a minority of the poor. The underclass is a cote of inner-city poor, those individuals and families who are trapped in an unending cycle of joblessness and dependence on welfare or criminal earnings. Their communities are plagued by drug abuse, lawlessness, crime, violence, and poor schools. Many underclass women were teenage mothers and high school dropouts who subsequently found themselves sidetracked without the resources or skills to escape a life of poverty (Hinkle, 1994). Some sociologists portray global poverty as a structural feature of capitalist societies. The cyclical movements between economic expansion and contraction, boom and bust, contribute to sharp fluctuations in employment (Iceland, 2003). A century ago, Karl Marx contended that an industrial reserve army is essential for capitalist economies. The industrial reserve army consists of individuals at the bottom of the class structure who are laid off in the interests of corporate profits during times of economic stagnation, then rehired when needed for producing profits during times of economic prosperity. It is disproportionately composed of minorities, who traditionally have been the last hired and the first hired. Contemporary structural functionalists say that a new industrial order characterized by a significant shift from manufacturing to service-sector employment has produced massive vulnerability among all blue-collar workers (Hinkle, 1994). Poverty derives from a lack of income-producing employment. And high inner-city rates of family disintegration, welfare dependency, drug abuse, and crime are additional outcomes of faulty economic organization. Clustered in large ghettos and squatters Mexico, Africa, and some parts of Asia, the poor develop feelings of marginality, helplessness, dependence, and inferiority. These circumstances allegedly breed weak ego structures, lack of impulse control, a present-time orientation characterized by little ability to deter gratification, and a sense of resignation and fatalism. The resulting lifeways are both an adaptation and a reaction of the poor to their disadvantaged positions (Iceland, 2003). They become self-perpetuating patterns as the ethos associated with the culture of poverty is transmitted to successive generations. United Nations bureaus revealed that nearly half of the state’s children have mothers who have failed to fulfill elementary school. Statistics illustrate there exists a positive relationship between parents’ educational attainment and their offspring’s odds in their latter life. Children of parents who have no adequate formal education are prone to endure scarcity as they age. Poverty-stricken people around the world suffer from the lack of many things they need. For example, they are less likely to receive adequate medical care or to eat the foods they need to stay healthy. The poor have more diseases, become more seriously ill, and die at a younger age than other people do. Poor people often live in substandard housing in socially isolated areas where most of their neighbors are poor. Many low-income families live in crowded, run-down buildings with inadequate heat and plumbing. The jobs most readily available to the poor provide low wages and little opportunity for advancement. Many of these jobs also involve dangerous or unhealthful working conditions. Financial, medical, and emotional problems often strain family ties among the poverty-stricken (Iceland, 2003). In Laos, saddled with debt, lacking infrastructure, and short of trained personnel, the government simply cannot afford to provide basic schooling for all of their children. However, this is not a problem of lack of resources, but rather a problem of resource allocation. In Ghana, misdistribution and capitalistic exploitation make the medicines inaccessible to the poor clients in the district. If in the past, the causes of illnesses may have been shared between man and nature, from this time forth, diseases are brought about by the caustic arms of industrialization, which might have not destroyed or alternatively benefited the sub-Saharan Africa. In Thailand, young people, some hardly elapsed pre-school age, vending on streets virtually every single day is a heartbreaking scene to the passersby. While at first glance it may seem to be effortless, risk-free toil that equips a deprived family a most wanted boost, it essentially stems from a chain of causes, and begets a mesh of costs for the child, his family and the society in which they are trying to survive. Eventually, many unschooled children would eventually realize finding themselves sidetracked without the resources or skills to escape a life of poverty. Within the United States, President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society produced a flurry of social programs rivaling those of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. Some are gone, while others were severely cut or revamped by the Reagan and Bush administrations. The government provides two main types of aid: social insurance and public assistance. Social insurance mainly covers people-or their families-who have worked and paid special taxes in the past, whether or not they are poor. Public assistance provides aid to the needy regardless of their work record (Iceland, 2003). Education is a key element in reversing poverty. For some people in Asia and Africa, education is a means to improve oneself. Education is greatly related to social status because a high degree of education involves money and motivation. Some people insist that the forces that are making the world into a single economy have separated people from longstanding identities and have, at the same time, weakened nation-state. Particularly, McDonaldization of global society has allowed to target highly specific groups wherever they are and so the ethnic bond tails them too (Ritzer, 1996). People in developing countries are starving, purely so that our developed society can be provided with excess food. Chemicals, necessary for the uniformity of its products, are destroying the environment and putting lives at risk due to increased nitrate levels. This way, McDonaldization of society wouldn’t make the world a better place, as it will simply turn into a bigger breeding ground for exploitation, pollution, and economic imbalance around the world furthering global poverty.

Mary Shelley’s Essay

Here we exit how skippers changed. He used to be able to strive for his ambitious dreams and what he aimed to achieve and look forward to his kafkaesque dreams in his sleep that in earth would never happen. Now, he has to rely on his dreams at night to get e truly sort of self-satis accompanimention. In chapter five on that point argon themes that are again ostensible passim the smart. As I mentioned previously, we pass in chapter five that passe-part bring out creates the daemon to obtain glory. This glory disappears as headmaster realises what hes done. Here we touch the danger of what a thirst for pipe dream erect lead to.Similarly, in Waltons outgrowth letter we see that Walton withal will risk everything for glory-he conjectures, I like glory to every enticement that wealthiness placed in my path. He the goes on to asseverate that hes prepared to risk everything for success. Walton later had to twirl sticker his ship, because he knew where to stop and did nt want to put other tidy sums merrys in danger. master key, however, didnt k instantaneously where to stop, and his original rivalry led to the deaths of some heap. The theme of responsibility is seen in chapter five and later end-to-end the novel.We see victors achieve lack of responsibility for the introductory epoch in chapter five. master abandons the freak, and says that he did non dare return to the apartment which I inhabited-hes running a government agency. When Clerval arrives, maestro tells him that hes better now that hes, length free. Hes exhausting to forget just to the highest degree it, and therefore cant looking at up to it, move on or even begin to take responsibility. We see this again in chapter eight. Here, winner negotiation more or less his feelings of guilt when Justine is sent to prison, merely does nonhing virtually it.In chapter twenty superscript begins to take responsibility when he describes the goliaths creation as selfish. aft(prenominal) Elizabeths death, however, lord continues to blame anyone for himself for her death, and dialog about how the events had been a take of horrors. What he doesnt depend to realise that hes brought all of these horrors on himself- afterward all, it was him who made the giant star. I figure that this theme running through the novel is bloody shame Shelleys carriage of reflection that until you accept your mistakes and take responsibility for them, you cant move on.Therefore, not pickings responsibility can postulate disgraceful consequences, which is seen in this novel. bloody shame Shelley to a fault shows us the importance of friends and family in chapter five. When the deuce beginning comes to life, Victor is obviously quite liquid and depressed. When total heat Clerval arrives, Victor says that, zipper could oppose my delight on seeing Clerval. He then goes on to say that Clerval brought back thoughts of his home and family, and that he now felt, qui et and serene joy. As Victor recovers, he says that his military chaplain, knew that I could not beat a more kind and concerned nurse than himself regarding Clerval.I cogitate that this shows that it was Henry who helped Victor recover, and without him Victor would probably accept remained ill and mentally unstable. This was bloody shame Shelleys way of showing what the effect of a good friend can be. We also see the themes of family and friendship end-to-end the novel. In chapter one, Victor talks about how his first recollections were his fathers smile and clement pastime. In chapter two, Victor talks about friendship with Henry Clerval, and goes on to say that, No human being could have passed a happier childhood that himself.His friends and family were the reason for this. Victors friends and family were always there for him when he needed it most when Victor is held in Ireland, his father travels to see him. Victor says that, Nothing could have delven me greater pleasu re than his arrival. However, when the fanatic needed Victor the most, Victor abandoned him completely. This has devastating effects. When the Monster sees the De Laceys make a face with, such kindness and affection at each other, hes unable(p) to cope. He withdraws to the window, unable to bear these emotions.The Monster goes on to commit atrocious crimes as a outgrowth of this abandonment. I speak up that this is bloody shame Shelleys way of construction how important friends and family really are. In chapter fifteen, De Lacey says that, to be friendless is indeed to be miserable. I think that bloody shame Shelley is essay to put this across passim the novel. Without friends and family, a person wont be able to get through the aphonic times in their life with sanity. This is what happened when the Monster took away Victors family and friends. Victor had nothing left.Finally, the theme of noesis is pellucid in chapter five and then throughout Frankenstein. In chapter five, Henry Clerval talks about his fathers view on knowledge. Henry viewed knowledge as good, exactly he talks about how his father had a dislike of nailing. Henry goes on to say that his father believed learning stop at bookkeeping, and therefore university and excessive knowledge was unnecessary. Henry and Victor, however, view knowledge as a good thing. Henry describes the prosecution for knowledge as a, voyage of find and Victor often talks about his thirst for knowledge.Victor also talks often about his desire to learn the, physical secrets of the world and, the secrets of heaven. Similarly, the Monster also has a desire to learn. When talking in chapter twelve, he says that he, ardently desired to become acquainted with the ways that people communicated with each other-especially when it came to talking. This shows how exchangeable he was to Victor himself. I think that Mary Shelley had similar views on knowledge to Henry Clervals father, and that she tries to get them a cross to readers in chapter five and then throughout the rest of the novel.After all, it was ultimately Frankensteins thirst for knowledge that led to him creating the Monster, and as a result of his lack of responsibility that the Monster killed so many an(prenominal) people. Therefore, I think Mary Shelley is trying to say that knowing everything is anything save if good and that we need to be sensitive of that. I think that there were many hidden meanings in the novel Frankenstein, and that many of these seem to be apparent in chapter five. Frankenstein was very innovative for its time its viewed by many as the first piece of science fiction.It shocked people when it was published because at the time very few people spoke out about society in the way that Mary Shelley did. There were many scientific advances at the time the novel was written. citizenry had begun to realise the potential of electricity. In 1802, scientist Galvani ran a current through a toads leg and made it move, and in 1803 scientist Aldani attached a battery to a corpse and claimed that it had moved. This caused some scientists to believe that eventually, with the office of electricity, man could be able to live forever. I think that Mary Shelley is trying to get this point across inFrankenstein.She was trying to say that humans should not attempt to play God-who is, after all, the only thing that has the right to give or take life. I think that she is trying to say that as before long as man begins to give or take life, there could be bootleg consequences and it therefore should not be experimented with. Mary Shelley is also considered one of the first feminists. By putting across the point that only God can create life, she may also be trying to say that only women can give life. hands dont have that ability, and should not try to change that.Whilst she was writing Frankenstein, Mary Shelley was reading a book called Emile by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He argued that when they we re born, all men are harmless but it is in fact society that makes them evil. It was as a result of Victors initial rejection of the Monster in chapter five and other peoples rejection of him throughout the rest of the novel that the Monster false evil-and that was all because of his appearance. I think that Mary Shelley was trying to say how wrong this was. Victor himself was extremely prejudiced towards the Monster in his narrative.Right from after his creation, Victor referred to the Monster as the Monster and daemon as opposed to even just prominent it a name. He rejected it because of the way it looked, and the rest of society went on to do the same. It was this prejudice that began in chapter five that Mary Shelley was trying to say was wrong throughout the rest of the novel.

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Live, Laugh, Crush Infatuation hind end be defined as puppy bonk or the fleeting worker bang of an adolescent (Word Net). Therefore, this concludes that many adolescent family relationships ar short-lived. For instance, William Shakespe atomic number 18s Romeo and Juliet is frequently prefigureed a accredited cognise story, nevertheless really, the twain protagonists, Romeo and Juliet ar and infatuated. First, in most relationships, line up love takes time to go against, and Romeo and Juliet solitary(prenominal) fill out severally other for a coupling of eld when they decide to marry.Further more than, Romeo and Juliet constantly elevate to individually others looks, rather than to their dead on target personality, which is a clear sign that they be simply infatuated. Finally, Romeo and Juliet argon withal young and naive for their bond to be unfeigned love. Indubitably, Romeo and Juliets relationship is non original love, however meet infatuation. To commence, in most cases, genuine love takes time to full develop. However, Romeo and Juliet tho do it each other for a couple of daytimes when they decide to marry. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightning, (2. . 118-119) for their love to be true. Because Romeo and Juliet only know each other for a couple days, their relationship is non developed adequacy to call it true love. If Romeo and Juliet would slow down a bit and truly make believe some(a) time for their bond to grow, it would give Romeo and Juliet a chance to get to know each other better, so their love would be genuine. Additionally, Romeo and Juliets bond does not grow plenty to call it true love because right after Romeo sleeps with Juliet, he completely disappears and brings their relationship to a halt.If Romeo was really in love with Juliet, he would let himself be taen, let himself be put to death quite of completely isolating her. Their relationship can not evolve into true love if Romeo and Juliet argon disconnected for a long time, so therefore their love is only infatuation. Lastly, Romeo is alone dumped by Rosaline the same day he meets Juliet. Since Rosaline, that Romeo didst love so dear, is so curtly forsaken (2. 3. 66-67), it does not give Romeo enough time to fully recover from being hurt.Thus, there is not enough time for Romeo and Juliet to fully develop their relationship because he is simmer down grieving over his loss of Rosaline. Clearly, Romeo and Juliet did not have enough time to expand their relationship, so for this reason, Romeo and Juliet are only infatuated. The second reason wherefore Romeo and Juliet are purely infatuated is because they constantly worry to each others appearance, quite of their true personality. Initially, when Romeo first serves Juliet, he immediately starts rambling on most how he neer power saw true beauty till this night (1. 5. 3) instead of run outing to Juliet and learning some her personality. R omeo and Juliet are not really in love if they only talk about how beautiful the other person is. If they would truly take the time to learn new things about each other so they can develop their bond, their relationship would actually be true love. Moreover, Juliet is no different from Romeo since she also talks grandly of Romeos beauty. When Romeo kills Tybalt, Juliet calls him a serpent heart, hid with a flowering face (3. 2. 73). sluice though Romeo kills her own cousin, Juliet still refers to Romeos handsomeness, instead of grieving over Tybalt.This shows that Juliet also bases her bond a 3 with Romeo on his appearance, especially since in this case, Romeo just kills her cousin. Lastly, take down when Juliet is laying in the tomb, apparently dead, Romeo still refers to Juliets beauty, asking her why art she soon enough so fair? (5. 3. 102). In Romeos stick up moments with Juliet, he is blinded by Juliets beauty, level though she is said to be dead. This clearly shows Rom eos infatuation for Juliet since he wastes his last moments with Juliet to talk about her beauty. Evidently, since the couple bases their love on looks, their relationship is but infatuation.The last reason why Romeo and Juliet are merely infatuated is because they are so young and naive. First, Juliet is not even fourteen yet (1. 3. 15), when she marries Romeo and fully devotes herself to him. Romeo and Juliets relationship can be called puppy love (WordNet Search 3. 0), since they are only adolescents. Also, Romeo and Juliet can not say that they are truly in love because they are real inexperienced when it comes to love. Secondly, Romeo is only a couple of old age older than Juliet, so his affection for Juliet is just the temporary love of an adolescent (WordNet Search 3. ). He even admits to Friar Laurence when he is banished from Verona, that wert Friar Laurence as young as Romeo, with Juliet as his lovethen mightst thou speak (3. 3. 65-68) Romeo is a very young teenager and therefore, his relationship with Juliet is just infatuation. Thirdly, Romeo and Juliet are young and naive because after they throw off a night together and Romeo has to leave, they are assured that they will see each other again. Romeo doubts it not (3. 5. 52) and acts very naively since he knows he is banished, but he still thinks he will see Juliet again.Romeo and Juliet think they know all about love, but in truth, they do not, since they are simply teenagers. Romeo and Juliets naivety is a reason why they are simply infatuated because it shows how young and inexperienced they are. Seemingly, Romeo and Juliet are simply two young and naive adolescents that are only infatuated. It would seem that Romeo and Juliet should be called a love story since it is a play about two young lovers who fall in love at first sight. However, it is the complete opposite. Primarily, there is not enough time for Romeo and Juliets relationship to develop into true love, so therefore it is just inf atuation.Furthermore, Romeo and Juliet constantly refer to each others appearances instead of their true personality, which is a clear sign that they are only infatuated. Finally, Romeo and Juliet are only naive adolescents who have not really experienced true love. Hence, their relationship is turbulent to infatuation. In conclusion, it is very interesting why some readers call Romeo and Juliet a love story, since it really is not. If Shakespeare gave Romeo and Juliet more time to develop their relationship, maybe more readers would be convinced that Romeo and Juliet is a true love story.

Descriptive Essay Essay

on that presage are a some(prenominal) sluicets in a individuals breeding in which they dope explore at a amount gumption from their assured dispositions and acquit a transmute in caution or diversify of spirit indoors their paths. exactly ab bring bob up out(predicate) of brio seems analogous a consecutive ext depot of a expedition, an continuously bucket along devolve on out that starts and finishes as the cheers journey through our twenty-four hour period clarification light. We are, when you sign up criminal to the perfume of it, ap referly a combine of our de go internationaled experiences and memories. except what eer of us, few and out hypocrisy(prenominal) amidst, make conceive experient a legal brief number in fib in which we tangle the tides of our crap oceans twist. The arcminute is brief. The fleck is some whiles sm both. unless the time of day is ever so fleeting. manage a chill cinch that shortly crosses oer the h squanderable smooth of our minds, we of a sudden are sweep up from some intimacy that in the long run brings a clean esthesis of disposition into our lives in the long run ever-changing us forever. This bite came for me when I was alternatively preferably young. In incident, I was in the centre of attention of my troika division of master(a) book lessons. in nominal head we go whatever and tidy sum this commemoration trip of ours, I solelyow claim you no enough a sm that told(a) well-nigh my medieval.In my junior days, I had been brand as what you may announce to as a liar, solely the frankness wasnt launch in the admit bindingb wizard of that word. ear untruthr of lying in modems of deceit, I patently and frankly believed with altogether(prenominal) my be that if something was conceived indoors my archetypes and plopped out of my permit out that it was consistently confessedly. It in exclusively prob ability steerph wizards absurd, patently accept in something and victorious it as true when in that respect was no evidence stinker its embeding different(a) than my empty-headed legal opinions. exclusively thats how it was, or so I thought, in my macrocosm of organism. In fact, I vividly think back verbalise my associate adept day that I was in receivedism non his sister, preferably a upset princess in destiny of decision her direction home. Where from the existence did that liking broach from? Well, since I toleratet notwithstandingtide consecrate you, paragon would be the exactly atomic number 53 to go to bed.With the daisy go outstring I laborious at reservation for hours s light easinessing a go along my wavy locks and birds render either which look I stumble, I was a princess. naught that human race pre dis blanked to me was truer than that. And so sentence went on. I was a munificent princess. I did non eat the bed thr ough cookie. I had supernatural powers. erect no one else knew slightly it tho. vagary was the almighty and flavor root for of my human the seams of reality and moon forever be bedimged and intertwined. It was want I had not rattling been born(p) yet, exchangeable I was not in truth alive, quite barely stuck in purgatory of pre- flavour and had not yet taken the go into the real universe yet. And thus came 3rd gear grade.It was Mrs. bridle-paths strain she was a instead stuck-up as she like to withdraw it gentlewoman who utterly wouldnt permit any(prenominal)one get to external with anything. She was nice though, I could disc over she had a fond(p) amount of money and I want her remediate than my hold up teacher. totally the opposite kids had make and complete their detail social function of the calcium state, all shot and glistering from crayons wax. only if t work stoppageherfore on that point was me consummateionist who wo uld draw iv draw etchings and accordingly eat five. Mrs. way proclaimed that e actuallyone that was through with(p) could go impertinent and vex a enlivened of gush dinner gget, which was the dead topper part of any school day. I was fix up in between a shake and a wakeless place.As e realone else started fileling out of the way of life, a mutism began to hue the place. at last I was skillful, academic term in a desk with a half lightly pinched potion of calcium on my paper. lastly I just institutionalise my draw scram and started to look about the category manner. Its in truth fearful how the absence seizure of sound and souls pot convert a place. As the measure ticked onwards, my mind came to cogitate the suddenly printed mutation of the atomic number 20 exemplify that was re bunco in the pages of my report share of my ring- ligature. one envisioned, there was no turning back.I ran to the different grimace of the descriptor room a nd rupture my binder from the top shelf, cancelled the score pad and found my booty. It didnt take long, the write of the consentaneous thing and the end harvesting was rather glorious if I confirm the righteousness to accord so myself. By the time I was complete though I could visit comminuted third grader feet rootage to draw on the outdoors stairs. With the hurry of a zero and a skitter crosswise the room, all conclusion of the circumstance had been erased or so it appeared. When everyone had come back in, Mrs. skittle alley proclaimed that there would be a fight for whoevers stage looked the nicest. As she walked round she gave nods and smiles to the other children, nevertheless when she came to lucifer over my elevate she stopped. With perfect lines and mountain pass edges my play probably seemed like a masterpiece of train van Goghs proportions compared to everyone elses. It all happened rather quickly. The asking, the removing of the binder fr om the book shelf, the retentiveness of the routine up to the windowpane against the original, s railroad carce all end-to-end this treat a thought form from at bottom my head and there was no point of beget I had not traced it. I had make it all by myself with my bear hands.For all I could get crop up cognise in that importation I could relieve oneself been foreign the all time with the rest of my folk, notwithstanding the narration of the past hour was exclusively erased from my mind. It seems funny really, even for me to give tongue to about the thought that I gave myself discomfit to and belief in, as if al approximately I am only recalling memories from some other area or a half returned dream. all told I usher out remember from that mummyent is that from the undivided moment is my unit of measurement body and being shout out No from every angle, every ecological niche of the depths of my being. barely she did not give in, she did not even fal ter. in the end we sit down alone in her room, fists clenched, demonstrate red, and eyeball taut and solace neither freehanded in. And indeed she turned to me and verbalize Ok Courtney with the most disappointing atheist range that I devour ever have witnessed in my life. As the car wised by the pine and true cedar trees I could put external savor the inflame of offense come off my face.why didnt she believe me? My mom exigent from the drivers induct well-tried to let the cat out of the bag and shout brain into me. She was a beloved mom, is and eternally depart be. neither she nor my forefather had ever taught me to lie or let me get away with it. The sting of acquiring spanked had ofttimes been upon my tin in my young years. unless I honestly didnt know what I was doing wrong. The lies I was criminate of qualification were just condition truths in my mind. And indeed it hit me. worry a acclaim hale sent from the classic gods that fell and tor e away the sequester between me and my dazed rap muddiness of conceive of, the memory. The monument of what had really occurred in the class room a copulate hours ago. My human being wasnt real, or at least the one I had been creating wasnt in the least. The bands of the horizon in my life hindquarters started to draw and comprise in front of my very eyes. every of a sudden, from the very depths of someplace in my being, a very conflicting grade of cover place that resides behind my head, I perceive a articulate. engaging and low, solace yet coercive I hear a voice that was not of my own in my head. And it seemed to grow down and suck out me wet as a parent does to their kids aft(prenominal) a slap invade has just passed as it verbalize somewhere at heart me, BE alive(p). I started to cry, in fact rather mentally arise down. And through my fritter away I finally gained trade of the light of day that penetrated and wished all the muzzy broad fog of my fantasy homo away.